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J. A. Spender
John Alfred Spender - always known as J. A. Spender〔Brack 1998〕 (23 December 1862 – 21 June 1942) was a British journalist, newspaper editor, and author. He is best known for serving as the editor of the London newspaper the ''Westminster Gazette'' from 1896 until 1922.
==Life==
Spender was the eldest of four sons born to John Kent Spender, a doctor, and his wife, the novelist Lillian Spender. He was educated at Bath College and Balliol College, Oxford, where he did well in his studies but missed a first in Greats due to illness.
Though Benjamin Jowett, the Master of Balliol, suggested that Spender become a lawyer, Spender sought out a career in journalism instead. In this he had the assistance of his uncle William Saunders, who owned the ''Western Morning News'' and ''Eastern Morning News'' as well as the Central News Ageny. After a brief period as Saunders's secretary, Spender was offered a position as a leader writer for ''The Echo'' by John Passmore Edwards, though their relationship proved difficult and Spender left after only five months in the post.〔Morris 2004, p.900〕 It was at this point in 1886 that Saunders offered his nephew the editorship of the struggling Hull newspaper ''Eastern Morning News''. Spender eagerly accepted and spent a little more than four years in the post. As the editor of a provincial daily, Spender undertook whatever jobs were necessary, serving as sales manager, leader writer, reporter, and critic. Through his efforts the paper returned to profitability, only to then be sold by Saunders in February 1891. Spender returned to London, where he worked as a freelance contributor to a number of papers and wrote his book, a tract on old-age pensions that won him the friendship of John Morley.〔
In June 1892 Spender received an offer from E. T. Cook, the editor of the Liberal evening newspaper the ''Pall Mall Gazette'', to work as his assistant editor. Spender gladly accepted, only to be let go a month later when the ''Pall Mall Gazette'' was sold to William Waldorf Astor, who changed its party allegiance to the Unionists. Though the newly married Spender was unemployed once more, he was quickly rehired by Cook when the editor started a new Liberal evening paper, the ''Westminster Gazette'', in January 1893.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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